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The Narrative Paradigm is a theory proposed by 20th century philosopher Walter Fisher that all meaningful communication is a form of storytelling or giving a report of events (see narrative). Because of this, human beings experience and comprehend life as a series of ongoing narratives, each with its own conflicts, characters, beginning, middle, and end. Fisher believes that all forms of communication that appeal to our reason are best viewed as stories shaped by history, culture, and character. ==Overview == The traditional paradigm of the rational world is a scientific or philosophical approach to knowledge that assumes people are logical and make decisions on the basis of evidence and lines of argument. This view claims that: *People are essentially thinking beings, basing their reasoned decisions on the merits of discussion and evidential reasoning. *What is judged as rational is determined by the knowledge and understanding displayed and how the case is argued. The way in which the argument is made will determine the outcome, so long as the form matches the forum, which might be scientific, legal, philosophical, etc. *The world is a set of logical puzzles that we can solve through rational analysis. Fisher reacts against this model as too limited and suggests a new paradigm of narrative rationality, which views narrative as the basis of all human communication. The ways in which people explain and/or justify their behavior, whether past or future, has more to do with telling a credible story than it does with producing evidence or constructing a logical argument. According to Fisher, the narrative paradigm is all-encompassing. Therefore, all communication can be looked at through a narrative lens, even though it may not meet the traditional literary requirements of a narrative. He begins with the proposition that: *People are essentially storytellers. *The world is a set of stories from among which we must choose in order to live in a process of continual re-creation.〔Jameson, D.E. (2001)〕 Each individual chooses the ones that match his or her values and beliefs. *Making decisions depends on judgments about these good reasons. Although people claim reasons for their decisions,〔 such as history, culture, and perceptions about the status and character of the other people involved, all of these may be subjective and incompletely understood. *The test of narrative rationality is based on the probability, coherence, and fidelity of the stories that underpin the immediate decisions to be made. Narration is one of the first language skills all children develop, and narrative seems to be universal across cultures and time.〔Langellier, Kristin M. "Personal narratives: Perspectives on theory and research." Text and Performance Quarterly 9.4 (1989): 243-276.〕 In contrast, argumentation must be taught and it is the basis for public discourse in our culture. However, after learning argumentation, people often resist using it and prefer to use narratives.〔Jameson, D.E. (2001).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Narrative paradigm」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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